The body reacts to this reduction by speeding up the heart rate in an attempt to maintain sufficient blood flow to the brain. Since veins can expand, a large volume of blood may accumulate in the veins.Īn accumulation of blood in the legs reduces the amount of blood in circulation. If the legs are immobile, then these "muscle pumps" do not operate effectively, and blood can accumulate. In the veins, blood normally is moved back to the heart through one-way valves using the normal muscular action associated with limb movement. Orthostatic intolerance may be defined as "the development of symptoms such as light-headedness, palpitations, tremulousness, poor concentration, fatigue, nausea, dizziness, headache, sweating, weakness and occasionally fainting during upright standing." While in a sedentary position, blood can accumulate in the veins, which is commonly called "venous pooling," and cause orthostatic intolerance. Suspension trauma is also referred to as orthostatic intolerance. However, there is an underlying mechanism that presents a significant risk to the workers and it is extremely time and equipment sensitive: suspension trauma. On the surface, this sounds like a stable rescue sequence with relatively benign hazards to the victims. Crush syndrome assessment, treatment for EMS providers
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